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Answer :
The given statement "Resonance will only occur when the elements in the molecule keep the same formal charge" is false. Because resonance can occur even if the elements in the molecule do not have the same formal charge in each resonance structure. Option B is correct.
Resonance occurs when there are multiple ways to draw Lewis structures that differ only in the placement of electrons (i.e., the location of double bonds, lone pairs, etc.) but produce the same overall molecule. The formal charges on the individual atoms in the different Lewis structures may vary, but the overall charge of the molecule must remain the same.
For example, consider the nitrate ion (NO₃⁻). The Lewis structure for nitrate ion can be drawn in two different ways, as shown below:
O = N = O⁺ -O⁻
OR
O - N = O
|
O⁻
In the first Lewis structure, the nitrogen atom has a formal charge of +1 and each oxygen atom has a formal charge of -1. In the second Lewis structure, the nitrogen atom has a formal charge of 0 and two of the oxygen atoms have a formal charge of -1.
Hence, B false is the correct option.
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