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Answer :
Final answer:
The correct answer is d) Middle ear impedance matching, which ensures proper sound conduction from the tympanic membrane through the ossicular chain into the fluid-filled cochlea.
Explanation:
When the tympanic membrane vibrates, the malleus transfers the vibrational energy into the ossicular chain, which directs it into the cochlea. This process of energy transfer that ensures proper sound conduction despite the different medium properties (from air to the fluid-filled cochlea) is known as middle ear impedance matching. Due to this effect, the smaller movement of the tympanic membrane is translated into a larger movement at the stapes by means of lever action of the ossicles and the difference in area between the eardrum and the base of the stapes.
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Rewritten by : Brahmana