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Final answer:
The Edict of Milan in 313 C.E. declared religious toleration throughout the Roman Empire, particularly legalizing Christianity and ending its persecution. It allowed Christians to reclaim confiscated property and to build places of worship. Emperor Constantine, influenced by his perceived divine support in battle, was instrumental in implementing this policy.
Explanation:
Understanding the Edict of Milan
The Edict of Milan, issued in 313 C.E., was a pivotal moment in the history of Christianity and the Roman Empire. This proclamation was made by the Roman Emperors Constantine, who ruled the western parts of the empire, and Licinius, who controlled the Balkans. Together, they agreed that the Edict would allow Christians, as well as followers of any other religions, to worship freely. This measure ended the state-sponsored persecution of Christians and marked the beginning of a change in the relationship between the Christian Church and the Roman Empire.
Before this time, Christians had faced various degrees of persecution from Roman authorities. However, Constantine had a profound personal experience which led him to favor Christianity. After emerging victorious at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge in 312 C.E., where he claimed to have seen a vision of the Christian cross, he attributed his success to the Christian God and soon after, he passed the Edict of Milan. The edict legalized Christianity, allowed for the return of confiscated property to Christians, and granted the right to construct Christian worship buildings. Although Christianity did not become the official state religion of the Roman Empire until the end of the fourth century, Constantine's support significantly elevated the status of Christianity.
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