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Describe the principles of resonance in electrical circuits.

How does resonance occur, and what are the effects of resonance on the behavior of electrical systems?

Answer :

Resonance occurs when a system oscillates with maximum amplitude at specific frequencies.

Resonance is the tendency of a system to oscillate with greater amplitude at specific frequencies known as resonance frequencies. In an electrical circuit, resonance can occur in both series and parallel RLC circuits.

Series RLC Resonance

In a series RLC circuit, resonance occurs when the inductive reactance (XL) equals the capacitive reactance (XC), causing the impedance to be at a minimum. This results in a maximum current through the circuit. The impedance versus frequency plot for series resonance shows a dip at the resonant frequency.

Parallel RLC Resonance

In a parallel RLC circuit, resonance occurs when the total impedance is at its maximum, leading to a minimum current for a given voltage. The impedance versus frequency plot for parallel resonance displays a peak at the resonant frequency.

Key Terms Defined

  • Resonant frequency: The frequency at which resonance occurs.
  • Bandwidth: The range of frequencies over which the circuit can effectively operate.
  • Q factor: A measure of the sharpness of the resonance peak; higher Q indicates a narrower and higher peak.

The Q factor of the inductor impacts the overall Q of the system; a higher Q inductor leads to a higher overall system Q.

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Rewritten by : Brahmana