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A stationary store has decided to accept a large shipment of ball-point pens if an inspection of 16 randomly selected pens yields no more than two defective pens.

What is the maximum number of defective pens that can be found in the sample of 16 pens?

Answer :

The maximum number of defective pens that can be found in a sample of 16 pens is 2, with the calculation done using the hypergeometric distribution formula.

To calculate this probability, we use the hypergeometric distribution formula. In this case, the hypergeometric distribution formula would determine the probability of selecting 16 pens with at most 2 defective pens from a shipment with an unknown total of defective pens.

This scenario can be modeled as a binomial distribution problem, where the probability of finding a defective pen is considered constant for each trial (assuming a large shipment doesn't significantly change the defect rate).

Given that the stationary store will accept the shipment if no more than two defective pens are found in a sample of 16, this implies that the cumulative probability of finding 0, 1, or 2 defective pens must be greater than the threshold for acceptance.

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Rewritten by : Brahmana